Unfortunately, forcing users to touch causes a loss of their sense of agency. In Transactions of CHI’21 (full paper)įorce-feedback interfaces actuate the user's to touch involuntarily (using exoskeletons or electrical muscle stimulation) we refer to this as computer-driven touch. Computer-driven Touchĭaisuke Tajima, Jun Nishida, Pedro Lopes, and Shunichi Kasahara. Whose touch is this?: Understanding the Agency Trade-off Between User-driven touch vs. Pedro Lopes at the Computer Science Department of the University of Chicago. The Human Computer Integration research lab is led by Prof. While this physical integration between human and computer is beneficial in many ways (e.g., faster reaction time, realistic simulations in VR/AR, faster skill acquisition, etc.), it also requires tackling new challenges, such as improving the precision of muscle stimulation or the question of agency: do we feel in control when our body is integrated with an interface? We explore these questions, together with neuroscientists, by understanding how our brain encodes the feeling of agency to improve the design of this new type of integrated interfaces. We think bodily-integrated interactive devices are beneficial as they enable new modes of reasoning with computers, going beyond just symbolic thinking (reasoning by typing and reading language on a screen). Recently, we were able to generalize this concept to new modalities, including novel ways to interface with a user’s sense of temperature, smell and rich-touch sensations. These devices gain their advantages, not by adding more technology to the body, but from borrowing parts of the user's body as input/output hardware, resulting in devices that are not only exceptionally small, but that also implement a novel interaction model, in which devices integrate directly with the user's body. These devices electrically actuate the user's body, enabling touch/forces in VR, or allowing everyday objects to teach their users how they should be operated-our wearables achieve this without the weight and bulkiness of conventional robotic exoskeletons. One example of our human-computer integration is our exploration of interactive devices based on electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). We engineer interactive devices that integrate directly with the user’s body-we believe these devices are the natural succession to wearable interfaces. Human Computer Integration Lab Computer Science Department, University of Chicago
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